In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 1745-07-9, name is 6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, introducing its new discovery. Computed Properties of C11H15NO2
Selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity of isoquinoline derivatives related to Parkinson’s disease: Studies using heterologous expression systems of the dopamine transporter
Endogenous isoquinoline (IQ) derivatives structurally related to the selective dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. We addressed the importance of the DAT molecule for selective dopaminergic toxicity by testing the differential cytotoxicity of 22 neutral and quaternary compounds from three classes of isoquinoline derivatives (3, IQs; 4,3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and 15, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines) as well as MPP+ in non-neuronal and neuronal heterologous expression systems of the DAT gene (human embryonic kidney HEK-293 and mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A cells, respectively). Cell death was estimated using the MTT assay and the Trypan blue exclusion method. Nine isoquinolines and MPP+ showed general cytotoxicity in both parental cell lines after 72 hr with half-maximal toxic concentrations (TC50 values) in the micromolar range. The rank order of toxic potency was: papaverine > salsolinol=tetrahydropapaveroline=1-benzyl-TIQ=norsalsolinol > tetrahydropapaverine > 2[N]-methyl-salsolinol > 2[N]-methyl-norsalsolinol > 2[N]-Me-IQ+=MPP+. Besides MPP+, only the 2[N]-methylated compounds 2[N]-methyl-IQ+, 2[N]-methyl-norsalsolinol and 2[N]-methyl-salsolinol showed enhanced cytotoxicity in both DAT expressing cell lines with 2- to 14-fold reduction of TC50 values compared to parental cell lines. The rank order of selectivity in both cell systems was: MPP+ ? 2[N]-Me-IQ+ > 2[N]-methyl-norsalsolinol=2[N]-methyl-salsolinol. Our results suggest that 2[N]-methylated isoquinoline derivatives structurally related to MPTP/MPP+ are selectively toxic to dopaminergic cells via uptake by the DAT, and therefore may play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, the role of 1745-07-9, and how the biochemistry of the body works.Computed Properties of C11H15NO2
Reference£º
Tetrahydroisoquinoline – Wikipedia,
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline | C9H11N – PubChem