Reference of Picolinamide. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: Picolinamide, is researched, Molecular C6H6N2O, CAS is 1452-77-3, about Improving Compliance and Decreasing Drug Accumulation of Diethylstilbestrol through Cocrystallization. Author is Li, Zhen; Li, Meiqi; Peng, Bo; Zhu, Bingqing; Wang, Jian-rong; Mei, Xuefeng.
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen, has been prescribed for advanced breast cancer and prostate cancer. However, its poor compliance, reactive metabolite toxicity and hydrophobicity-induced drug accumulation has limited its applications. In this study, we aimed to modulate its dissolution rate and reduce reactive metabolites and drug accumulation through cocrystn. Cocrystals of DES with isonicotinamide (INA), picolinamide (PIN), nicotinamide (NIA), urea (UREA), sarcosine (SAR), and flavone (FLA) were obtained. Different crystallization strategies result in cocrystal polymorphs for DES with INA and FLA. Intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) characterizations in pH 2.0 buffer solution were conducted. Two assumptions (enhancing Cmax or prolonging Tmax) with the aim of improving compliance were put forward. On the basis of the IDR results (DES-NIA with a 1.5-fold increase in IDR and DES-2FLA-B with a 5.5-fold decrease in IDR) and the pharmacol. activities of coformers (NIA and FLA with CYPs inhibition and UGTs stimulation effects), the pharmacokinetic behaviors of these two cocrystals were further researched. The 2-fold prolongation of Tmax in the PK profile DES-2FLA-B facilitated an improvement in compliance. In addition, the higher clearance rates and the potential to reduce oxidative metabolites in DES-2FLA-B help to decrease the drug accumulation and reduce the adverse effects of DES.
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Reference:
Tetrahydroisoquinoline – Wikipedia,
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline | C9H11N – PubChem