New Advances in Chemical Research in 2021. In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 3340-78-1, name is 2-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, introducing its new discovery. Reference of 3340-78-1
Abstract: Alkynylation reactions of N-protected tetrahydroisoquinolines have been performed using several different protocols of cross dehydrogenative coupling. Initially, a CuCl-catalyzed method was investigated, which worked well with three different N-protecting groups, namely phenyl, PMP, and benzyl and t-BuOOH as oxidant in acetonitrile as solvent. The peroxide could then be replaced by simple air and acetonitrile for water, leading to an overall very environmentally friendly protocol. Finally, a decarboxylative alkynylation protocol starting from alkynoic acids was also developed using again air as oxidant. This avoids the use of gaseous alkynes in the introduction of short-chained alkyne substituents. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 3340-78-1 is helpful to your research. Reference of 3340-78-1
Reference：
Tetrahydroisoquinoline – Wikipedia,
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline | C9H11N – PubChem